Scheme 1: System for information transfer
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INFORMATION
IMPRINTED
INTO WATER
Ružic, R. Jerman, I. , Škarja, M.,Mogilnicki L.
BION, Institute for Bioelectromagnetics and New Biology; Stegne
21, 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia .
Tel/Fax: +386 (0)1 513 11 47,
e-mail: igor.jerman@bion.si,
romana.ruzic@bion.si, metod.skarja@bion.si
Abstract
In this report we present our testing on a hypothesis that biologically relevant information from various substances can be nonchemicaly translated to the organisms by high voltage electric and/or magnetic fields that imprint the information into water or some solution. The stored information under suitable conditions triggers a specific biological response without any chemical contact with the original substance. We constructed a special device whereby various experiments - using our well explored biological sensor system - were performed. The biological effectiveness of the information transfer of various configurations and types of electric and magnetic fields as well as three different biologically active substances were tested. The results showed that even by the electric field informed alcohol solution has statistically significant biological effects, as well as the information from some of a chosen chemical substance, especially herbicide.
1. Introduction
More and more researches confirm biological effects of magnetically treated water (1 -3) but the existence of the so called water memory is still an object of an intensive debate because there is still no valuable theory that would explain, how biologically effective information can be stored in water. One hypothesis predicts changes in the water structure by forming more or less permanent clusters (2,4), the others point to the unusual properties of water under certain treatments; various thermodynamics methods were used (6,7). Some physicists proposed that one way, in which ‘memory' might be stored in water, is through the collective motions of water dipoles, which have greater polarisability than the solitary ones. External sources with low-frequency polarisation field (for example other molecules) can be imprinted into water by modulating the fundamental frequency of the latter (8). Beside physics that tried to explain this phenomenon, various biological effects of such "informed" water were published as well as experiments with regard to the biophysical properties of the information transfer process (9-12).
In the present work we based on the idea that: a) from high voltage electric field information (with or without an accompanying magnetic field) can be imprinted into water; b) that such an electric field can further imprint the biologically active information of any substance into water (or some solution); c) that such "informed” water would have measurable biological effects. So we constructed a special electromagnetic device (see Scheme 1) and performed many experiments to tests the biophysical properties of the information transfer by using our well tested biological (plant) sensor system. This system consists of germinating cress seedlings exposed to the well defined heat stress. Originally the system was developed for testing the biological effects of very weak magnetic fields of various types and produced statistically significant results (5).
2. Material and methods
2.1. Instrumentation
To perform an imprinting the chosen information into water correctly, we constructed a system consisting of a high voltage source and a wire that is installed into a quartz test tube with a biologically active (donor) substance. The quartz test tube is placed into ordinary glass test tube filled with water solution of ethanol (i.e. 60% ethanol; acceptor). Under this condition an almost absolute chemical isolation between the donor and the acceptor is achieved (for details see Scheme 1). For the control we use bidistilled water as the donor.
Scheme 1: System for information transfer
2.2. Plant sensor system and the experiments
The plant sensor system consisted of. Lepidium sativum (cress seeds), which germinated in Petri dishes (8 x 30 seeds for one experiment) on the filter paper wetted with bidistilled water. After 24 hours the plants were exposed to heat stress at 42 ° C for 40 min (to enhance the susceptibility of plant organism to the environmental factors). In these experiments two types of cress seeds were used, one with 50-55% (low) and another with 90-98% (high) germinability.
The effects of the information from the following (donor) compounds were tested: alkaloid amanitin, herbicide Glyphosphate and cytokinin Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The prepared informed solution was further twice diluted with bidistilled water in the ratio 1:100, while between consecutive dilutions the new diluted solutions were agitated (succused) 100 times. With this final solution the seeds were moistened 3 ml per Petri dish. The growth properties of this plant sensor system was also tested by moistening the seeds with ordinary distilled water and with the solution of different concentrations of donor compounds without any informing process. The results were used for comparison. The protection gloves were used during the whole procedure.
During the germination the Petri dishes were covered with an aluminium foil and grew in dark. The seedlings were grown in a thermally isolated box at room temperature. Some experiments with amanitin were also performed at varied temperature conditions. We also performed the control experiments where procedures were the same except that ethanol solution was not exposed to EM field. Some preliminary experiments with pure water and water solution with the Fe and Cu ion solution instead of ethanol (in conc., 3.7, 18.5 or 37 µM as FeCl3.6H2O and 0.012 µM CuSO4.5H2O) were also performed.
2.3. Analysis of Data
Every experiment lasted 48h, than the length of radicles was measured, followed by the statistical evaluation of parameters and significance used by Student t-test for comparison between two groups. The significance is marked on figures as follows: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01 and *** p<0.001.
3. RESULTS
3.1.Preliminary experiments
Preliminary experiments with information of amanitin showed that using pure water for imprinting instead of ethanol solution did not produce effects. When using water mixture of added Fe and Cu ions, stimulative 5-12% statistically significant effects were obtained at concentrations 3.7 and 37 µM Fe plus 0.012 µM Cu (same for both). The stimulative effects decreased with the duration of stored solution (after 5 days no effects were obtained any more).
For better longevity and stability of the stored information a mixture of ethanol and water was used in further experiments that are still going on.
3.2. Electric field alone
Experiments using the electric field and a bidistilled water as source of information produced inhibitory effects on the plant sensor system. The average inhibition amounts to approximately 8%, is highly stable and statistically significant. Since the system is exposed to the heat stress this means that the exposure of the plant sensor system to electric field treated solution enhanced the stress effect of heat. Comparison with the effects of other compounds, showed, that in most cases, the informed solution inhibited the growth reaction of plant sensor system at a similar level; the difference against ordinary (not informed) solution was highly significant (see Fig.1). It is also important to note that these results were obtained with the seeds of high germinability. Of course, these results comprise the data of all experiments together, which minimise the variations between experiments, the next figures show up the detailed situation.
Fig. 1 The effect of informed in comparison with not informed solution
on
the growth reaction of plant sensor system (seeds with high germinability)
- all experiments together
3.3. Experiments with amanitin
Some preliminary experiments showed that the information "amanitin" had stimulative effect in comparison with information "water". Later it was found out that this effect was closely correlated with the length of seedlings, which was very short at this result. At shorter average lengths (less than 10 mm) the effect was positive, over 10 mm there was no effect or it was inhibitory (Fig. 2).
Fig.2. Variation of the effect of information "amanitin" depending on the average length of seedlings – low germinability seeds.
Further experiments performed under moderate room temperatures showed the inhibitory effect of information "amanitin" in comparison to information "water". The inhibitory effect of information "amanitin" was revealed in high as well as in low germinability seeds. The results were highly statistically significant in high germinability seeds but not in the low ones (see Fig 3)
Fig.3. The comparison of the effect of amanitin (as information) between low (LG) and high germinability (HG) seeds .
More experiments (see Fig. 4) performed with high germinability seeds showed, that both information "water" as well as information "amanitin" produced inhibitory effects compared with ordinary distilled water (first two columns), the solution of amanitin itself (in conc. 0.5-2%) did not influence the growth of seedlings. Information of "amanitin" had stronger inhibitory effect then information "water" and much stronger effect than the diluted amanitin itself (!).
Fig. 4. The effect of information "water", information "amanitin",
amanitin solution and
comparison between themselves on the growth reaction
of plant sensor system .
3.4. Experiments with herbicide
The herbicide solution normally inhibits the growth of plants. When low germinability seeds were used the ordinary solution of the herbicide had the strongest inhibitory effect (around 36%), information "herbicide" had lower but still statistically significant inhibitory effect (Fig. 5). However, there is no significant difference between the effects of information "herbicide" and information "water" (Fig. 5). But when high germinability seeds were used, information "herbicide" had more potent inhibitory effect than herbicide solution itself. The difference between information "herbicide" and information "water" was also highly statistically significant (Fig.6).
Fig. 5. The effect of information "water", information "herbicide",
herbicide solution and comparison between
themselves on the growth reaction
of plant sensor system – low germinability seeds.
Fig. 6. The effect of information "water", information "herbicide",
herbicide solution and comparison between
themselves on the growth reaction
of plant sensor system – high germinability seeds.
3.5. Experiments with a cytokinin
These experiments were performed only with high germinability seeds. The chosen cytokinin solution normally inhibited the growth of plants for about 25%. The information "cytokinin" was less effective and not distinctive from the effects of information "water". However, the effects of both differ from ordinary water (Fig.7).
Fig. 7. The effect of information "water", information "cytokinin",
cytokinin solution and comparison between
themselves on the growth reaction
of plant sensor system.
4. CONCLUSIONS
According to the results there is a strong indication that a high electric field can non-chemically transmit information at least of itself, which is in accordance with previous studies about the biological effects of magnetically treated water. In this research biological effects were consistently and repeatedly revealed almost always when the imprinting procedure was used. If this field can transmit even the information of other chemical substances, it is as yet unclear. In some experiments, for example with a herbicide, the answer is yes, in other experiments the effects of information "water" was not distinct from information "chemical compound". It seems that the effects depend on the average length of seedlings as well as on an internal physiological state of the organism. They vary through the germination time and depend also on the seed germination quality. Further experiments are in progress.
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